Spanish Dual Citizenship

Spain doesn’t routinely allow nationals of another country to acquire Spanish citizenship if they intend to retain their original nationality.

This means that if you want to become a Spanish citizen, you will usually be obliged to give up the citizenship of your country of origin.

However, Spanish law makes provision for citizens of certain countries and Sephardic Jews who meet strict eligibility criteria to acquire dual citizenship.

The process of applying for dual citizenship can be a complicated and lengthy one, but Spanish citizenship confers important rights and benefits on the holder.

Page Contents

• Overview of Dual Citizenship in Spain
• Who Is Eligible for Dual Spanish Citizenship?
• What Are the Rules for Sephardic Jews?
• Do I Have to Be Resident in Spain to Acquire Dual Citizenship?
• What Are The Benefits of Dual Citizenship?
• How Do I Apply for Dual Citizenship in Spain?
• What Documents Do I Need to Apply for Dual Citizenship in Spain?
• Processing Times and Cost of Applying for Spanish Dual Citizenship
• Formalities of Applying for Dual Citizenship
• How Can IAS Help?
• Frequently Asked Questions

You are eligible to apply for dual citizenship in Spain if you are a citizen of one of the following countries or belong to a group listed below:

• Spanish nationals by origin can acquire citizenship of a second country, but they must make a declaration that they intend to retain their Spanish citizenship.
  • For Spanish nationals who apply for citizenship of a Latin American country, Andorra, the Philippines, Equatorial Guinea, Portugal or any other country with which Spain has signed a bilateral citizenship agreement, this requirement is waived.
• Nationals of Ibero-American (also known as Latin-American) countries in which Spanish or Portuguese is an official language and have historical and cultural ties with Spain.
• Andorra.
• The Philippines.
• Equatorial Guinea.
• Portugal.
• France.
• Individuals who can show they are Sephardic Jews.

Nationals of Spanish-American countries, plus Andorra, the Philippines, Equatorial Guinea, Portugal, and France can apply for dual citizenship after a minimum of two years of residency in Spain.

Until October 1 2019, individuals who could demonstrate they belonged to the Sephardic Jewish sect weren’t required to live in Spain and could apply for dual citizenship in their country of origin.

• You can live and work anywhere in Spain and its territories.
• You and your family can enter Spain without the need for a visa.
• You can travel freely in over 190 countries without a visa, including the 27 member states of the European Union.
• You are eligible to vote and hold public office in Spain.
• It is possible to transmit your double nationality to your children and immediate family.
• You can retain citizenship of your country of origin, which means you can maintain a link with your native country.
• Should you need diplomatic assistance while travelling overseas, you are eligible to receive assistance from both your country of origin and Spain.

If you wish to apply for dual citizenship, you can submit the application online using the Spanish government’s SEDE electrónica.

You can also apply in person at a civil registry.

If Spanish is not your native language, you will be invited to take two tests as part of your application:

• The DELE (Spanish language exam): A minimum A2 level pass is required.
• The CCSE sociocultural exam.

If you are unable to sit the exams, you may still be eligible to apply for dual citizenship in Spain, but you will need to obtain a waiver from the Spanish authorities and file the waiver with your application in place of proof you have passed the exams.

There are two types of waiver: a total waiver and a partial waiver.

A partial allows you to take the test in an adapted form that takes into account any disability or incapacity you may be suffering from.

Applications by Existing Dual Nationals

You can acquire dual citizenship in Spain even if you are a national of a country with which Spain doesn’t have a dual citizenship agreement.

This applies to existing dual nationals who hold a passport from a country that meets Spain’s dual citizenship criteria.

For example, if you are a US national with citizenship of a former Spanish colony in the Americas, you can apply for Spanish citizenship once you have been resident in the country for two years by using the passport of the Latin-American country.

• A valid passport
• A Foreigner Identity Number (NIE): this is a unique identifier that is assigned to foreign nationals in Spain who are engaged in activities in the country that require formal identification.
• A birth certificate.
• Proof of your legal residence in Spain if you are not a Sephardic Jew.
• A criminal background check.
• Health insurance.
• Marriage or divorce certificates.
• Proof that you have passed the A2 Spanish language test (DELE).
• Proof you have passed the cultural exam called the CCSE.
• Proof you have paid the application processing fee.
• Any waivers you have obtained if you are unable to complete the two citizenship tests.

If you are unclear about which documents you need to present with your application then you may wish to consult an immigration expert to avoid having your application rejected due to incorrect or missing paperwork.

Cost

Spain charges a non-refundable fee to process a citizenship application form.If your application is rejected this means the fee will not be refunded to you. Therefore it is vital that you ensure your initial application is correct and complete.

The price of processing your application for citizenship is typically between €60-€100. The Spanish authorities may also levy a fee if they issue you certificates and other documentation that you require to complete your application.

Processing Time

The processing time for Spanish citizenship is typically within twelve months of the date of application.

The time depends on your circumstances and your documents being filed properly.

If your application has not been processed within 12 months, your application for dual citizenship may be refused as a result of administrative inaction (this is known in Spanish as ‘silencio administrativo’).

In this case, you are allowed to file an appeal to the Spanish authorities.

If your application for dual citizenship is accepted, you will receive notification from the Spanish authorities.

You then have approximately six months to complete the formalities that confirm your status as a dual national.

The formalities include:

• Swearing an oath of allegiance to the King of Spain and confirming that you intend to abide by the laws of the land.
• Entering your new status as a dual national Spanish citizen in the Spanish Civil Register.

Should you fail to complete the formalities within the prescribed time limits, you run the risk of losing your Spanish dual citizenship.