Discretionary Leave to Remain

One instance where discretionary leave might be granted is on medical grounds.

This encompasses a variety of circumstances, but the most common may include (but not be limited to) the following:

• The individual requires medical treatment in the UK that is not available in their home country
• The individual may be subject to inhuman treatment if they were to leave the UK
• The individual’s physical or mental health would be severely affected if they were to leave the UK

Discretionary leave to remain on medical grounds directly relates to Article 3 of the ECHR, which refers to freedom from torture and inhuman or degrading treatment.

In the context of discretionary leave to remain, denying an individual the chance for improvement or stabilisation of their medical condition, or incurring risk of relapse or degradation of health may be considered to be in violation of Article 3.

In order to qualify for discretionary leave to remain on this basis, all applicants would have to show documentary evidence that there are strong, compelling reasons to support their staying in the UK.

This may be evidence that they would suffer a serious decline in health or a reduction in life expectancy as a direct result of lack of access to appropriate medical treatment. Alternatively, it may be evidence that the applicant is at a critical stage of their illness and it would be considered inhuman to deprive them of their current medical care.

In addition to medical grounds, there are a number of other circumstances where discretionary leave to remain may be justified.

For instance, discretionary leave to remain may be granted if the applicant is at risk of being victim to modern slavery or human trafficking. In this instance, there must be significant evidence of a risk of the applicant being re-trafficked, or significant evidence that they would come into harm from those who might want to exploit the applicant.

In addition, discretionary leave to remain may be granted in the following general circumstances:

• To facilitate the care and welfare of unaccompanied asylum-seeking children
• Asylum seekers who cannot be classed or categorised into any existing immigration policy
• Other exceptional circumstances not already listed. In these instances, character, conduct, previous compliance with immigration rules and length of time spent in the UK will all be taken into account when ruling eligibility for discretionary leave to remain.

It’s important to note that all discretionary leave to remain applications are judged on a case by case basis, and individual factors and circumstances will always influence the decision-making process.

You must apply for discretionary leave to remain online through the Gov.uk website.

You must either fill our form FLR (HRO) if you’re applying for discretionary leave to remain for the first time, or form FLR (DL) if you’re applying for an extension on your existing discretionary leave to remain.

As part of the application process, you must pay the application fee, the immigration health surcharge, and also make an appointment to give your biometrics information in order for you to receive a biometric residence permit.

It costs £1,033 to apply for discretionary leave to remain.

Note that you will also have to pay the immigration health surcharge as part of your application, which will be £624 a year for applicants 18 or over, or £470 a year for applicants under 18.

Discretionary leave to remain may take up to a few months or a year to process, depending on the complexity of your individual case and how busy the service is at the time of reviewing your application.

Being granted discretionary leave to remain will allow you to live, work and study in the UK without restrictions.

You will also be allowed to access public funds, such as state benefits.

However, you will not be eligible for higher education student finance under existing Department of Business, Innovation and Skills regulations while on discretionary leave to remain.

In addition, you will be prohibited from studying certain subjects in higher education without first obtaining an Academic Technology Approval Scheme (ATAS) clearance certificate from the Counter-Proliferation Department of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO).

Discretionary leave to remain is not normally granted for periods longer than 30 months (or two and a half years).

However, the specific duration of leave granted will vary from case to case. For example, shorter or longer periods of leave may be granted if there are appropriate or strong compelling or compassionate reasons to justify it.

In particular, longer periods of discretionary leave to remain may be appropriate if it’s in the best interests of a child.

As such, it’s best not to assume or expect that you will be always granted leave under discretionary leave to remain standard length of 30 months, as individual factors and circumstances will heavily influence this decision.

It is possible for an individual with discretionary leave to remain to successfully apply for indefinite leave to remain (ILR).

You will need to have been in the UK for a minimum number of years before you can apply for ILR. This quota will depend on when you were first granted discretionary leave to remain.

If you were granted discretionary leave to remain on or after 9 July 2012, you will be able to apply for ILR if you’ve been in the UK for at least 10 continuous years.

If you were granted discretionary leave to remain on or before 8 July 2012, you will be able to apply for ILR if you’ve been in the UK for at least 6 continuous years.

Note that you must apply for ILR no more than 28 days before your current discretionary leave to remain expires. In addition, time spent in prison with a criminal conviction will not count towards the minimum residency requirement, although leave accrued whilst waiting for a valid application may be considered.